EAST HANOVER, N.J., Sept. 22 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (“Novartis”) (NYSE: NVS) announced today that the results of a Phase III study of SOM230 (pasireotide) showed a reduction in cortisol levels in patients with Cushing’s disease, a condition in which a benign (non-cancerous) pituitary tumor causes the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol and can be fatal(1). Results will be presented at the 14th Congress of the European Neuroendocrine Association (ENEA).
At six months, the majority of evaluable patients (91/103) experienced a reduction from baseline in urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels, the main measure of biochemical control of the disease. UFC levels were normalized in 26% of patients randomized to SOM230 900ug twice daily, meeting the primary endpoint of the study. Additionally, median UFC was reduced by 48% in both the 900ug and 600ug dose groups. After 12 months of treatment, results confirmed the durability of the effect(1).
On average, as UFC levels were reduced, clinical symptoms of Cushing’s disease improved including reduction of blood pressure, total cholesterol, weight and body mass index (BMI)(1).
Cushing’s disease is caused by a benign tumor in the pituitary gland that secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which triggers the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol. Cortisol is a powerful steroid hormone that regulates a broad range of physiologic functions, including metabolism and immunity(2). Cushing’s disease can cause severe cardiovascular and metabolic-related illnesses or death(3),(4). There are currently no approved medicines to treat Cushing’s disease(1).
“There is a critical need for a medical treatment for people with Cushing’s disease because currently available options, such as surgery or radiotherapy, are ultimately not effective for many of the patients who suffer from this debilitating disease,” said William H. Ludlam, MD, PhD, Director, Seattle Pituitary Center at the Swedish Neuroscience Institute in Seattle, WA. “The results of this study suggest that pasireotide may help patients achieve biochemical control of their Cushing’s disease and its symptoms by directly targeting the pituitary tumor that triggers excess cortisol production.”
PASPORT-CUSHINGS (PASireotide clinical trial PORTfolio - CUSHING’S disease) is the largest randomized study to evaluate a medical therapy in patients with Cushing’s disease(1). The trial is part of a large-scale global clinical development program to assess the efficacy and safety of SOM230 in a range of pituitary and neuroendocrine tumors(6).
“Positive results from this trial bring us one step closer to providing physicians with a new treatment option to offer people living with the physically and emotionally debilitating symptoms associated with Cushing’s disease,” said Herve Hoppenot, President, Novartis Oncology.
These data will form the basis for the first regulatory filing of SOM230 planned this year. SOM230 has orphan drug designation for Cushing’s disease in the US and Europe(7),(8). In the US, orphan drugs are those developed to treat diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 people(9). In Europe, orphan drugs are those developed to treat conditions affecting fewer than five in 10,000 people(8).
Study details
PASPORT-CUSHINGS is a prospective Phase III study of 162 patients conducted at 68 sites in 18 countries. The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of SOM230 in patients with persistent or recurrent Cushing’s disease, as well as in patients with newly diagnosed Cushing’s disease who are not candidates for surgery(1),(10).
Patients with primarily moderate to severe hypercortisolism were randomized to receive SOM230 subcutaneous (sc) injection in doses of 600ug (n=82) or 900ug (n=80) twice daily. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved normalization of UFC after six months without dose up-titration relative to randomized dose(1). UFC is typically used to diagnose and monitor Cushing’s disease. In this test, urine is collected over 24 hours to assess average cortisol secretion(2). The primary endpoint was met for the higher dose tested (900ug sc twice daily)(1). Secondary endpoints included safety, time to response, response duration and changes from baseline in clinical signs, symptoms, tumor volume and health-related quality of life(10).
After six months, the primary efficacy responder rate was 26.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.6 to 35.9) and 14.6% (95% CI, 7.0 to 22.3), respectively, for the 900ug and 600ug groups. Based on pre-specified criteria (lower bound of 95% CI >15%), the 900ug group met the primary endpoint and the 600ug group did not meet the primary endpoint. After 12 months, the proportion of responders regardless of dose up-titration was 13.4% and 25.0%, respectively, for the 600ug and 900ug groups. The median reduction in UFC after six months was 47.9% for both groups. The median reduction in UFC after 12 months was 67.6% (600ug) and 62.4% (900ug). Patients who showed little to no improvement in UFC levels (<50% reduction from baseline) by month two were unlikely to show improvement by month six or 12. The most frequently reported adverse events suspected by the investigators to be related to the study drug were diarrhea (58%), nausea (46.9%), hyperglycemia (38.9%), cholelithiasis (29.6%), abdominal pain (20.4%), diabetes mellitus (17.9%), fatigue (11.7%) and increased glycosylated hemoglobin (10.5%), with most events being Grade 1-2. Overall, the tolerability profile of SOM230 is similar to other somatostatin analogswith the exception of the greater degree of hyperglycemia, which appears manageable with early detection and appropriate intervention following established treatment guidelines. As may be expected with a treatment that lowers cortisol levels in Cushing’s disease, 13 (8.0%) patients experienced adverse events associated with cortisol levels below the normal range. This was managed by dose reduction without loss of efficacy(1).
About Cushing’s disease
Cushing’s disease is a rare but serious disease that affects approximately 10 to 15 patients per million per year. It most commonly affects adults who are as young as 20 to 50 years and affects women three times more often than men. Cushing’s disease presents with weight gain, central obesity, moon face, severe fatigue and weakness, striae (purple stretch marks), depression and anxiety(2),(5). To date, no known causes or risk factors have been identified for the development of the benign tumors in the pituitary gland that cause Cushing’s disease.
Complications of Cushing’s disease can include osteoporosis and subsequently fractures, insulin resistance with higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, infections, kidney stones and mental illnesses, including depression and psychosis(1),(3),(4). Cardiovascular complications resulting from untreated Cushing’s disease, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and stroke, contribute to a mortality rate up to four times higher than the healthy population(4).
The most common treatment approach for Cushing’s disease is surgical removal of the tumor. Persistent disease and/or relapse can occur in up to 50% of surgery patients(2),(5). If surgery is not appropriate or effective, other treatment options include radiation to the pituitary gland, stereotactic radiosurgery or gamma knife radiation, removal of the adrenal glands and inhibition of cortisol production(2).
About SOM230 (pasireotide)
SOM230 is an investigational pituitary-directed therapy that targets the cause of Cushing’s disease, with the aim to control excess cortisol secretion and its debilitating complications(1),(2). SOM230 targets multiple subtypes of the receptor for somatostatin (sst), a hormone that controls the pituitary gland. Its highest affinity is to sst5, a receptor subtype frequently expressed by the pituitary tumors associated with Cushing’s disease. Currently approved somatostatin analogs preferentially bind to sst2 and are not effective in Cushing’s disease(6).
SOM230 is currently being studied as a twice-daily sc injection, as well as a long-acting release (LAR) once-monthly intramuscular injection for the treatment of multiple disease types, including Cushing’s disease, carcinoid syndrome and acromegaly(10).
Because it is an investigational compound, the safety and efficacy profile of SOM230 has not yet been established. Access to this investigational compound is available only through carefully controlled and monitored clinical trials. These trials are designed to better understand the potential benefits and risks of the compound. There is no guarantee that SOM230 will become commercially available(6).
Information about Novartis clinical trials for SOM230 can be obtained by healthcare professionals at www.pasporttrials.com.
Disclaimer
The foregoing release contains forward-looking statements that can be identified by terminology such as “will,” “planned,” “potential,” or similar expressions, or by express or implied discussions regarding regulatory submissions or approvals for SOM230, or the timing of such submissions or approvals, or regarding potential future revenues from SOM230. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Such forward-looking statements reflect the current views of management regarding future events, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results with SOM230 to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such statements. There can be no guarantee that SOM230 will be submitted or approved for sale in any market, or for any particular indication, or at any particular time. Nor can there be any guarantee that SOM230 will achieve any particular levels of revenue in the future. In particular, management’s expectations regarding SOM230 could be affected by, among other things, unexpected clinical trial results, including unexpected new clinical data and unexpected additional analysis of existing clinical data; unexpected regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; the company’s ability to obtain or maintain patent or other proprietary intellectual property protection; competition in general; government, industry and general public pricing pressures; the impact that the foregoing factors could have on the values attributed to the Novartis Group’s assets and liabilities as recorded in the Group’s consolidated balance sheet, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AG’s current Form 20-F on file with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated or expected. Novartis is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
About Novartis
Located in East Hanover, New Jersey, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation is an affiliate of Novartis AG, which provides healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies. Focused solely on healthcare, the Novartis Group offers a diversified portfolio to best meet these needs: innovative medicines, preventive vaccines, diagnostic tools, cost-saving generic pharmaceuticals and consumer health products. The Novartis Group is the only company with leading positions in each of these areas. In 2009, the Group’s continuing operations achieved net sales of USD 44.3 billion, while approximately USD 7.5 billion was invested in R&D activities throughout the Group. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis Group companies employ approximately 102,000 full-time-equivalent associates and operate in more than 140 countries around the world. For more information, please visit http://www.us.novartis.com.
References
- Colao, A. Pasireotide (SOM230) provides clinical benefit in patients with Cushing’s disease: results from a large, 12-month, randomized-dose, double-blind, Phase III study. Abstract OC1.7. European Neuroendocrine Association (ENEA) 14th Congress
- National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service. Cushing’s syndrome. Available at: http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/cushings/Cushings_Syndrome_FS.pdf. Accessed August 2010
- MedlinePlus. Cushing’s disease. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus. Accessed August 2010
- Colao, A., et al. Persistence of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing’s disease after five years of successful cure. J Clin Endocrin Metabol. 1999: 84(8); 2664-2672
- Pituitary Network Association. Cushing’s syndrome. Available at: http://www.pituitary.org. Accessed August 2010
- PASPORT: A global clinical research program to advance patient care. Available at: http://www.pasporttrials.com/index.jsp. Accessed August 2010
- US Food and Drug Administration. Drugs@FDA. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/. Accessed August 2010
- European Medicines Agency. Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products public summary of positive opinion of orphan designation of pasireotide for the treatment of Cushing’s disease. Oct 13, 2009
- US Food and Drug Administration. For Industry: Orphan Drug Act. Available at: http://www.fda.gov. Accessed August 2010
- ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed August 2010
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