National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D., announced today the formation of two working groups — one external, the other internal — to examine the NIH peer review process, with the goal of maximizing its effectiveness.“Peer review is such a fundamental and critical part of the research process, that it requires our constant vigilance,” said Director Zerhouni. “With the increasing breadth and complexity of science, along with the increased number of research grant applications, we need to take a comprehensive look at our review process, and make the necessary changes to strengthen it for applicants and reviewers alike. Although our peer review system is outstanding — and emulated throughout the world — we want to make it even better.”