The making of three-dimensional nanostructured materials -- ones that have distinctive shapes and structures at scales of a few billionths of a meter -- has become a fertile area of research, producing materials that are useful for electronics, photonics, phononics and biomedical devices. But the methods of making such materials have been limited in the 3-D complexity they can produce. Now, an MIT team has found a way to produce more complicated structures by using a blend of current “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches.
