PENZBERG, Germany--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The 3Rs concept of reducing, refining and replacing animal experimentation was developed by W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch in their book “The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique” more than 50 years ago. Today, early identification of toxic compounds using cell-based in vitro assays like Roche´s (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY) xCELLigence System can reduce the number of laboratory animals used for in vivo testing of suboptimal compounds that ultimately fail at later stages of drug testing. A recent study from Roche Pharma and Roche Applied Science (1) describes a comprehensive workflow of in vitro techniques, including real-time cell analysis, biochemical assays, and gene expression analyses for hepatotoxicity assessment.
