Epilepsy is a neural disorder characterized by recurrent seizures or sudden brief attacks of altered or lost consciousness with involuntary motor activity, sensory manifestations, and inappropriate behaviors. The underlying cause of epilepsy is thought to be an excessive and coordinated discharge of excitatory cerebral neurons. This activity spreads out over the cortex in a wave or stays localized within one area. The exact mechanisms for these phenomena are not well understood, even though epilepsy has been recognized as a distinct illness since antiquity. A variety of pharmaceutical and medical device treatments are in development for the treatment of epilepsy…
