09 April 2016, Amsterdam: Seven late-breaking abstracts highlight the need for comprehensive screening programmes, improved therapy and vaccination coverage in countries receiving large numbers of refugees. Researchers have observed increased prevalence of resistant pathogens or emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases including HIV, tuberculosis, Salmonella, Shigella, scabies and other parasitic infections in refugees and migrants, according to data presented at ECCMID 2016, the annual meeting of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease (ESCMID).
Politicians and health professionals across the world are facing a number of unique public health challenges due to an increasing number of migrants. At a session dedicated to late-breaking abstracts on refugee health researchers presented evidence on some of the challenges faced by healthcare services in Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Taiwan, Norway, Brazil and the Netherlands as a result of an increase in migration.
Abstract No.: 7583Incidence of HIV infection and late presentation for HIV care among refugees and family-reunified migrants compared to Danish-born individuals
A study comparing 405 migrants and 279 Danish-born citizens in Denmark showed that the incidence of HIV infection among refugees and family-reunified migrants is higher than that of Danish-born individuals. The highest risk was observed in sub-Saharan Africans and heterosexual cohorts, and refugee and family-reunified migrants were also more likely to seek medical treatment late, further increasing the risk of spreading the infection. The researchers postulated that these results indicate migrants experience barriers in accessing HIV testing and call for a more systematic medical reception of newly arrived migrants in recipient countries.
Abstract No.: 7019MRSA and ESBL prevalence in four Swiss refugee centres
An abstract on the prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens at Swiss refugee centres showed that refugees (irrespective of origin) had colonization rates that were ten times higher for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and five times higher for extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) compared to the local population. The researchers also observed that more than a third of refugees from the Middle East were colonized by ESBL compared with less than a quarter in the general refugee population. The authors concluded that the increased rate of colonization at body surfaces with resistant bacteria among refugees from certain areas needs to be taken into account in case of illness and admission to a hospital
Abstract No.: 7454The impact of immigrants and importation on the increasing reporting rate of MRSA infections in Norway, 2006-2015
An analysis in Norway showed that the reporting rate of MRSA infections continues to increase in Norway, boosted by imported cases, particularly in younger people and those with an immigrant background. The presented data suggests that tourism and immigration may be important drivers for the current rise in MRSA infections.
Abstract No.: 7498Salmonella and Shigella colonization identified by a screening programme in refugees arriving in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany in 2015
A screening of 20,312 stool samples taken at refugee centres in Thuringia, Germany, showed that in 2015 one in every 300 refugees carried Salmonella or Shigella. As many as six ESBL-positive Shigella strains were isolated from Syrian children – two of them were resistant to ciprofloxacin. As a result of these findings, the surveillance programme with screenings for Salmonella and Shigella in children is being continued in 2016.
Abstract No.: 7243Surveillance of tuberculosis among immigrant workers following pre-entry screening in Taiwan, 2011-2014
A study from Taiwan identified 2,080 cases of tuberculosis in immigrant workers between 2011 and 2014. Immigrant workers from South East Asian countries, where tuberculosis is highly endemic, had a two-fold higher risk for TB than domestic residents. Active screenings increased the number of cases diagnosed at an earlier stage of the disease, when it is less infectious, thereby reducing the diseases burden.
Abstract No.: 7598Scabies amongst asylum seekers; prevalence and effect of the scabies hygiene programme Researchers in the Netherlands observed high rates of scabies and its complications among asylum seekers from Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia. This represents a considerable burden for the healthcare system, especially where refugee centres already are under considerable strain due to high numbers of new arrivals, the researchers commented. They suggest that scabies must be rigorously controlled in asylum seekers to reduce the risk of complicated cases, the strain on healthcare, and to prevent the spread to other patient groups in the proximity of individuals from high-risk countries. Abstract No.: 7327Management of Bolivian immigrants with Chagas disease in São Paulo City in primary care center: multidisciplinary approach and itinerant migration
Another challenge in the management of diseases in immigrants was illustrated by an abstract presented by researchers on adherence for anti-parasitic treatment in primary care centres in São Paulo City. The researchers reported a lack of adherence in Bolivian immigrants with Chagas disease, a parasitic disease that is in rural areas where poverty is widespread and where it is easily transmitted to people by insect vectors.
Winfried Kern, Programme Director of ECCMID, commenting on this year’s selection and the significance of the results: “Healthcare services across the world are facing a number of new challenges as a result of recent mass migration. Refugees may carry both, resistant pathogens and microbes causing the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases that have become less prevalent in host countries. These include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, HIV and TB. Infectious diseases carried and transmitted by travellers and migrants increase the disease burden. We recommend that public health facilities maintain and step up screening programmes and put the appropriate precautions and procedures in place to most effectively protect migrants and domestic populations in host countries.”
