Recent studies found that many skin cells are potential to have cancer mutation caused by related gene. And scientists took the cancer free eyelid skin for researches, and many clonal cells from cancer related gene carrying cells are found, the number of which are considerable. But the most important matter is that they tend to spread over other parts of the body. The new finding up leveled the knowledge of cancer’s early development into a new altitude and may contribute to probing a more complete treatment of cancer from its origin. Some scientists think very highly of the research, among which Douglas Brash said the single mutant cell which clones many other cells is with growth advantage, and the gene leading to this difference can control the fate of stem cells. Normal tissues that are exposed to the ultraviolet light contain many clonal cells, and the tissues are living with a great burden of mutation.
Once the burden accumulated to a unbearable level, tragedy happen. To address that in which way the mutational burden come into being, scientists get 234 samples from four healthy people aging from 55- 73 and the samples are extracted from the sun-touched layer of eyelid. With the help of exquisite equipment, 74 related genes were sequenced from the samples. By presenting the mutation in quantity, it was found that the gene variation accumulation in the normal tissue is connected with the time of the correspondent skin being exposed. Just six of the 74 genes resulted in growth difference in a kind of high frequency, and NOTCH1 related to stem cell regulation is with the highest frequency to mutation among the six. The research paid attention to the clonal performance related to the inspected mutations, and the result proved to be positive. It’s only about 50% greater than the cells carrying passenger mutations in clonal magnitude. It’s suggested that this mutations will contribute little to the formation of cancer. But issues arisen from the research that why age and ultraviolet exposure will lead to the accumulation of mutational burden and how to reduce or eliminate the effect caused by the two factors are waiting to be settled.
More researches are under plan to address these issues and find out more connection between the common mutation in our bodies and the trigger reason of cancers. Though the cancer mutations are around our skin with little harm to our health, we can’t ignore the existence of them, for that they may help scientists to know more about the origin of cancer and play a vital role in the later development of cancer treatment.
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