ScienceDaily (May 5, 2010) — Replacing failing artificial animal-based heart valves by implanting mechanical valves inside them is an effective option for high-risk patients, according to research reported in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association. In the study, physicians from Canada and the United Kingdom describe how 24 high-risk patients whose previous implants failed received transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation, where a new artificial valve is seated within a previously implanted valve made of pig or cow tissue.