The global CRISPR and Cas genes market was evaluated at US$ 3.08 billion in 2023 and is expected to attain around US$ 14.94 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 16.9% from 2024 to 2033. Genome editing, encompassing the precise modification of genomic DNA in diverse cell types and organisms, enables the insertion, deletion, and replacement of DNA, thereby facilitating gene inactivation, the acquisition of novel genetic traits, and the correction of pathogenic mutations.
CRISPR and Cas Genes Market Overview
The CRISPR and Cas genes market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by the transformative impact of CRISPR-Cas systems, which serve as an adaptive immune mechanism in most bacteria and archaea, protecting them from phages, viruses, and other foreign genetic elements. This system comprises CRISPR repeat-spacer arrays, which transcribe into CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA), along with a set of CRISPR-associated (cas) genes that encode Cas proteins with endonuclease activity. During an invasion by foreign genetic elements, Cas proteins cleave the foreign DNA into short fragments that integrate into the CRISPR array as new spacers. Upon subsequent invasions, crRNA swiftly recognizes and pairs with the foreign DNA, guiding Cas proteins to cleave the target sequences and protect the host.
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In genome editing, single-guide RNA (sgRNA) recruits Cas9 endonuclease to a specific genomic site to create a double-stranded break (DSB), repairable via the error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway or the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway. The CRISPR-Cas systems have become the preferred genome editing tool in molecular biology laboratories due to their proven editing capabilities, leading to significant advancements in correcting pathogenic mutations, identifying essential genes for cancer immunotherapy, and addressing critical challenges in organ xenotransplantation.
- In December 2023, the FDA approved the first gene therapies to treat patients with Sickle Cell Disease.
- In June 2024, Syngenta opened rights to genome-editing and breeding technologies to boost agricultural innovation.
Key Insights
- U.S. CRISPR & Cas genes market size is predicted to be worth around USD 4,270 million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 17.5% from 2024 to 2033.
- North America has accounted market share of 38.64% in 2023.
- Asia Pacific is projected to expand at the fastest CAGR during the forecast period.
- By application, the biomedical segment registered the market share of around 90% in 2023.
- By product & service, the product segment recorded largest market share of 75% in 2023.
- By end-user, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical segment had the largest market share in 2023.
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Regional Stance
The CRISPR and Cas genes market in North America commands a significant revenue stake compared to other regions, driven by the dominance of CRISPR-Cas9 as the leading genome editing technique in laboratory research and its prevalence in the patent landscape. The expansion of plant-breeding technologies, facilitated by genome editing advancements, is pushing breeding research beyond current regulatory confines. The regulatory framework for genome editing, such as CRISPR-Cas9, remains ambiguous in Canada, raising questions about whether these technologies can be classified as conventionally developed varieties without further regulation.
In Mexico, the alignment of the constitution with international human rights treaties presents a potential pathway for allowing both basic and applied health research, including CRISPR/Cas-based human germline genome modifications for health benefits. Given the fragmented nature of existing legal provisions and the absence of specific regulations governing the human genome, a human rights-focused approach advocating for the freedom of scientific inquiry and the right to benefit from scientific progress suggests that research on human germline genome editing could be legally permissible, fostering growth and innovation in the region.
Asia Pacific is poised to experience the most robust growth in the CRISPR and Cas genes market during the forecast period. Indian scientists have pioneered the use of the associated Cas9 enzyme, demonstrating its ability to bind and cut target DNA at very low temperatures, a significant advancement in genome editing technology. A recent analysis of over 2,000 patent applications involving CRISPR revealed that China is rapidly closing the gap with the United States, with Chinese applications increasing swiftly. China now leads in the agricultural and industrial sectors, reflecting its strong commitment to and investment in CRISPR technology, further propelling the region's market growth.
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Report Highlights
By Application
In the various application segments analyzed in this research study, the biomedical application segment holds the largest share of the total CRISPR and Cas genes market. The high versatility and ease of manipulation inherent in CRISPR/Cas systems enable their use in modifying the genome of virtually any desired organism, editing RNA, elucidating gene function, and imaging living cells. This technology has achieved remarkable success in the genetic modification of a wide range of bacterial strains and fungi, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Growing evidence indicates that CRISPR/Cas systems are effective in suppressing the replication of viruses and bacteria. For instance, Abbott et al. developed a prophylactic antiviral CRISPR in human cells (PAC-MAN) strategy that effectively degrades RNA from SARS-CoV-2 sequences and live influenza A virus (IAV) in human lung epithelial cells. This underscores the significant impact of CRISPR/Cas systems in advancing biomedical research and therapeutic applications.
By Product & Service
In CRISPR and Cas genes market, the product segment dominates the global market, holding the highest share. The CRISPR-Cas9 system, leveraging modified components of the bacterial CRISPR system, facilitates precise cutting of double-stranded DNA at target sites. This breakthrough technology enables targeted genetic modifications, offering a myriad of applications in crop improvement. From bolstering pathogen resistance and enhancing abiotic tolerance to refining plant development and morphology, CRISPR/Cas genome editing serves as a mature and cutting-edge biotechnological tool. Its versatility extends to influencing secondary metabolism and fiber development in crops, presenting a broad spectrum of opportunities for new innovation and market growth.
By End User
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies segment commands the largest share of total market revenue in the CRISPR and Cas genes market. Originally derived from the bacterial immune system, CRISPR-Cas systems function as programmable genome editing tools that utilize a guide RNA (gRNA) to target specific DNA sequences and direct the nuclease Cas module for precise editing. Unlike traditional protein-DNA recognition methods, CRISPR-Cas leverages RNA-DNA binding, enhancing its versatility and precision. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies have capitalized on this technology, developing numerous genome editing approaches that predominantly utilize nucleases for targeted genomic alterations. This strategic focus underscores the critical role of these companies in driving the advancement and commercialization of CRISPR-Cas technologies.
Market Dynamics
Driver
Extensive Application in Diverse Species and Medical Research
The rapid and efficient genome editing capabilities of CRISPR-Cas systems have led to their extensive use across a wide variety of species, including bacteria, yeast, tobacco, Arabidopsis, sorghum, rice, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, Xenopus laevis, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, sheep, pig, monkey, and various human cell lines such as tumor cells, adult cells, and stem cells. In the medical field, CRISPR-Cas systems are crucial for establishing genetically modified animal and cell models of numerous human diseases, including gene knockout models, exogenous gene knock-in models, and site-directed mutagenesis models. These animal models are vital for understanding gene function, exploring the pathogenesis of human diseases, and developing new drugs. Since the discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems, a series of genetically modified animal models have been generated with high efficiency, significantly driving the growth of the CRISPR and Cas genes market.
Restraint
Off-Target Effects Limitation
The designed single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) used in CRISPR-Cas systems can mismatch with non-target DNA sequences, leading to unexpected gene mutations known as off-target effects. These off-target effects significantly restrict the widespread application of CRISPR-Cas mediated genome editing in gene therapy due to the potential for genomic instability and an increased risk of certain diseases from unwanted mutations at off-target sites.
To address these challenges, various strategies have been employed to predict and detect off-target effects, including online prediction software, whole genome sequencing (WGS), genome-wide unbiased identification of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) enabled by sequencing (GUIDE-seq), and the discovery of in situ Cas off-targets and verification by sequencing (DISCOVER-Seq). These advancements, the presence of off-target effects continues to limit the growth of the CRISPR and Cas genes market.
Opportunity
Integration of CRISPR-Cas with Advanced Sequencing Technologies
The integration of CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools with advanced sequencing technologies represents a substantial advancement, significantly enhancing our understanding of the genetic influences on diseases in both protein-coding and noncoding regions. The CRISPR-Cas system's versatility, characterized by the ease of guide RNA (gRNA) design and its suitability for high-throughput assays, has revolutionized the functional study of genetic mutations. This technology supports both low-throughput assays for analyzing individual variants and high-throughput assays for the parallel analysis of numerous genetic variants. These advancements have not only increased the capacity to analyze multiple genetic mutations simultaneously but also deepened the understanding of their functional consequences.
As research continues to elucidate the roles of these genetic factors, the potential for translational precision medicine to offer more personalized and effective treatment strategies for various human diseases becomes increasingly attainable. The development of CRISPR-Cas systems and their integration with state-of-the-art sequencing tools underscore the relentless pursuit of scientific innovation in understanding and combating genetic diseases, creating significant opportunities for the CRISPR and Cas genes market.
Recent Developments
- In November 2023, Vertex and CRISPR Therapeutics announced the authorization of the first CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited therapy, CASGEVY™ (exagamglogene autotemcel), by the United Kingdom MHRA for the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and Transfusion-Dependent Beta Thalassemia.
- In March 2023, Vertex and CRISPR Therapeutics announced a licensing agreement to accelerate the development of Vertex’s hypoimmune cell therapies for the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes.
- In December 2023, new gene therapies for Sickle Cell Disease were priced, with Casgevy, the first CRISPR therapy approved by the FDA, costing $2.2 million, while a competing genetic medicine also cleared that month was priced at $3.1 million.
CRISPR & Cas Genes Market Top Companies
- Caribou Biosciences, Inc.
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
- Cellectis
- AstraZeneca
- Editas Medicine, Inc.
- Addgene
- Egenesis
- Horizon Discovery Group Plc
- Intellia Therapeutics, Inc.
- Genscrip
- Danaher Corporation
- Lonza
- Merck KGaA
- Synthego
- Mammoth Biosciences
- Inscripta, Inc.
- Cibus
- New England BioLabs
- Takara Bio, Inc.
Market Segmentation
By Application
- Agricultural
- Biomedical
- Functional Genomics
- Genome Engineering
- Disease Model Studies
- Epigenetics
- Others
By Product & Service
- By Service
- Microbial Gene Editing
- Cell Line Engineering
- gRNA Design
- DNA Synthesis
- By Product
- Design Tool
- Kits & Enzymes
- Libraries
- Antibodies
- Others
By End-use
- Contract Research Organizations (CROs),
- Academics & Government Research Institutes
- Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Companies
By Geography
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East & Africa (MEA)
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