Cancer gene therapy has gained popularity in the last few years due to its high success rates during clinical and preclinical trials.
Cancer gene therapy has gained popularity in the last few years due to its high success rates during clinical and preclinical trials. The emerging field delivers a number of potential applications for cancer treatments. It offers various advances in the field of molecular biology, molecular genetics, immunology, virology, and molecular genetics.
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In various instances, this technique for cancer has been intended to augment existing therapies, such as immunotherapies and chemotherapies.
The cancer gene therapy approaches include oncolytic virotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene transfer. It can be utilized in different ways. For instance, altering gene regulation, replacing defective and missing genes with healthy genes, and introducing foreign genes into cells to change their function. The most common method is to replace a cancer-causing mutant gene with a healthy one.
Viral and non-viral vector products are needed for this technique. Non-viral vectors are normally utilized to transfer the different types of nucleic acids such as large DNA molecules ((Plasmid DNA: p DNA), small DNA, and RNA (m RNA, Si RNA, Ribozymes). Moreover, viral-vector therapies use modified viruses as drug-delivery vehicles to insert specific DNA sequences- regulatory RNAs (e.g. siRNAs), encoding genes, or other therapeutic substrates into cells.
Despite the slow clinical progress, researchers are undertaking efforts to develop specific non-toxic cancer therapies that are rising exponentially. As of now, more than 500 products under trial have been listed with the FDA. There is a number of strategies currently being followed during the cancer treatments. For instance,
- Minimize cancerous cell proliferation and rise cell cycle control by restoring functions such as RB and p53
- Rise in immunological rejection of tumor by the host
The pipeline for cancer therapies is quite strong and various companies are engaged in developing efficient products. Small biopharma companies are also emerging in the cell and gene therapy industry. For instance, Autolus Therapeutics is developing AAV-based gene therapies. The company is targeting patients suffering from chronic, systemic diseases using this technique.
Moreover, improving the regulatory scenario is also expected to increase the product launch in the market. For instance, in March 2021, Bluebird Bio and Bristol Myers Squibb received FDA approval for Abecma (idecabtagene vicleucel). It is a cell-based gene therapy to treat patients with multiple myeloma.
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In addition, in February 2022, the University of Pennsylvania doctors’ team announced that cancer patients treated with gene therapy in 2010 shows no sign of cancer in the body. The two examples demonstrate how the therapy, known as CAR-T cell therapy, can fight cancer right away inside the body, and evolve to battle against the tumor. Moreover, in July 2022, ImmunoACT, backed by Laurus Labs, announced that it tested a novel gene therapy cure for leukemia and lymphoma. The lab is working with CD19 CAR-T Cell for leukemia and lymphoma. According to the lab, findings begin to appear after about a week.
Market Dynamics
Drivers
The surging prevalence of cancer is a major driving factor for the cancer gene therapy market growth. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death around the world, and was responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. In addition to this, about one-thirds of deaths that occur due to cancer are caused because of five leading dietary and behavioral risks, namely low intake of fruits and vegetables, high body mass index, tobacco use, lack of physical activity, and consumption of alcohol. Attributed to this, various organizations are investing heavily in cancer research.
For example, the ACS approved a $39.8 million funding for 78 training and research grants, in October 2017. These grants were awarded to investigators in 57 institutions across the U.S. Also, the ACS has provided about 159 grants totaling $28.6 million for research on breast cancer, as of August 2017. Furthermore, the American Association for Cancer Research has provided $331.0 million to about 606 recipients in 13 countries across the world for cancer research from 1993–2016. This has resulted in substantial development in the field of cancer research, further resulting in the growth of the global cancer gene therapy market.
Opportunities
Better success rates of innovative therapies, ethical acceptance of gene therapy for the treatment of cancer, and the massive untapped markets in emerging economies are predicted to open up wide opportunities for the players operating in the cancer gene therapy market. For example, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved an innovative treatment for children who are suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in August 2017, which includes the use of the chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) therapy or Kymriah, developed at the Abramson Cancer Center in the University of Pennsylvania. This gene therapy is the first to be approved for cancer by the USFDA.
Key Players
- Abeona Therapeutics
- Asklepios BioPharmaceutical
- Celgene
- Elevate Bio
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Bluebird bio
- Genelux Corporation
- OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals
- Introgen Therapeutics
- Altor Bioscience
- Merck
- GenVec
- BioCancell
Market Segmentation
- By Therapy
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Gene-induced Immunotherapy
- Gene Transfer
- By End-user
- Research Institutes
- Biopharma Companies
- Diagnostic Centres
- Others
- By Region
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East & Africa
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